Addressing a two-day regional meeting on 'Conservation, Use and Exchange of Crop Genetic Resources: Promoting Regional Cooperation for a Food-Secure, Climate- Resilient South Asia' organized by Fridtjof Nansen Institute (FNI), Norway and South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics & Environment (SAWTEE) on Wednesday, SAARC Secretary General Arjun Bahadur Thapa said that the SAARC Seed Bank could be a means to promote regional exchange of seeds important for food security and climate change adaptation.He said that SAARC has given utmost importance to conservation, use and exchange of crop genetic resources. "Due to the vulnerability of South Asian countries to natural disasters and climate change, regional cooperation needs to be advanced to generate policy responses to address food insecurity," he said.
The meeting that brings together experts, policy makers, private sector representatives, academic researchers and relevant stakeholders will discuss issues related to governance of crop genetic resources in the region.
Similarly, Posh Raj Pandey, chairman of SAWTEE, emphasized the need to consider different paths to enhance regional cooperation. He suggested four pathways for the countries to form a consensus starting with a political one among the participating countries. "Second could be evolutionary, creating new organizations and instruments based on past experiences," he said, adding, "Third could be implementing regional projects, while the fourth being an ancillary path to capture the practical and technical aspects like sharing information."
Talking about the High-level Committee on Technology Bank formed by the Secretary General of the United Nations, Pandey suggested that there was a need to explore if such a technology bank could be used to promote the management and sustainable use of the region's plant genetic resources and traditional knowledge.
Altogether 50 experts from South Asia working on plant genetic resource related issues, along with government officials, journalists and academicians are participating in the meeting.
Likewise, Fridtjof Nansen Institute's Research Director Kristen Rosendal and Research Professor Steinar Andresen explained how international agreements governing genetic resources have failed to resolve North-South conflicts on access to and commercial use of seeds. They called for future actions to promote mutual support and secure effective and legitimate division of labor between global regimes governing genetic resources.
Discussing the South Asian contexts and complexities in relation to the governance of crop genetic resources, Kamalesh Adhikari of RegNet of Australian National University called for meaningful regional cooperation on climate change, agriculture and food security. "SAARC countries will benefit by developing regional guidelines and models on how to regulate genetically modified seeds; promote access to and benefit sharing from the use of regional crop genetic resources; and protect farmers' rights to seeds and traditional knowledge," he said.
Talking about the case of India, Anitha Ramannna Pathak, Assistant Professor, SP Jain School of Global Management, said though India is considered a global leader in design and implementation of laws on intellectual property, access to genetic resources, and benefit sharing, empirical evidence suggests a different scenario. She said that distribution of monetary benefits accrued from access to genetic resources had not been shared equitably with local communities.
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