The striker did manage his first shots on target this season but the only time he found the net, the goal was ruled out in the first half for offside.
Rooney remains without a goal since April for United, which dropped points for the first time in the first month of the season.
It was Newcastle's first point on the road since February.
But the northeast club remains without a win in the first three games under Steve McClaren, a former assistant manager at United.