England grabbed final two wickets in eight balls with Mike Hussey being caught at short leg after a brilliant century to give England the victory.
The loss means Ricky Ponting is stuck with the unwanted record of becoming the first Australian captain in over 100 years to be the skipper of two losing Ashes tours.
The defeat also means Australia will slump to fourth on the ICC Test rankings behind South Africa, Sri Lanka and India.
Not long before, Peter Siddle chipped Steve Harmison up to mid-off for his second wicket and Stuart Clark was caught at short leg for his third, to leave Australia 343-9 chasing an improbable 546 to win.
Brad Haddin may have a lot to think about for Australia. Hours of good work by Mike Hussey were thrown away as Haddin was caught slogging to precipitate a collapse. Mitchell Johnson soon followed, before Siddle and Clark.
Hussey and Haddin had frustrated England in their push for victory. England looked stale and short of ideas while the duo put on 89.
But Haddin got himself caught in the deep off Graeme Swann for 34. He was almost caught three times in one over on only 12, but did not learn his lesson and gifted the hosts a breakthrough.
Hussey made a heroic 121, recording a much-needed century. It was not enough to save Australia, but it could save his career: the left-hander hadn´t scored a century in 22 Test matches since October last year.
Before tea, some brilliant work from Matthew Prior sent Marcus North back to the pavilion, stumped for 10.
Australia´s heads were already down, having lost captain Ricky Ponting and vice-captain Michael Clarke to run outs in successive overs.
Andrew Flintoff made his mark on his last ever Test match in the most unlikely way, running out Ponting for 66 with a fantastic direct hit. Flintoff knew as soon as the ball hit the stumps that it was out, and the third umpire confirmed it.
Then Clarke, leading runscorer in the series, was run out for a duck in a way similar to Jonathan Trott´s dismissal on Thursday. Venturing out of his ground with a clip off his legs, the ball hit short leg and rebounded to Andrew Strauss, who swooped for another amazing run out.
The run outs, Australia´s first and second in the series, turned the game for England, who were drifting with Hussey and Ponting settling in. The pair endured some clever bowling and a lively pitch to put on 127 before the first calamitous mistake.
At the start of the day, England took two wickets in two overs to kickstart their push for victory.
Simon Katich padded up to an arm ball from Graeme Swann and was plumb lbw as a result. He left the field with 43 to his name.
Minutes later, Broad trapped Katich´s fellow opener Shane Watson lbw with an inswinger.
Ponting´s run out 127 runs later would have brought back nightmares of 2005 for the visiting captain, when he was run out by substitute fielder Gary Pratt. But he received a standing ovation as the English crowd recognised this will most likely be his last game in the country.
Brief score: England 332 (I Bell 72, A Strauss 55, I Trott 41, S Broad 37, P Siddle 4/75, B Bilfenhaus 3/71) and 373/9 declared (I Trott 119, A Strauss 75, G Swann 63, M North 4/98) defeats Australia 160 (S Katich 50, S Watson 34, S Broad 5/37, G Swann 4/38) and 348 (M Hussey 121, R Ponting 66, S Katich 43, S Watson 40, G Swann 4/120, S Harmison 3/54) by 197 runs. Man of the match: Stuart Broad
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